The AI-panic screen: how to separate the software businesses a narrative should kill from the ones it only re-prices — and which signals confirm the difference.
1. Turn a sector-wide narrative into a shopping list
The repeatable method
- Spot the case where a whole sector derates on one story while the index it belongs to sits near highs — the dispersion itself is the opportunity.
- State the bear narrative in its strongest form, in the market's own words, before answering it.
- Concentrate a whole issue's work on that one sector rather than diversifying attention — the mispricing is where the panic is.
Here: "The Nasdaq 100 is flirting with record highs… while software companies like ServiceNow, Adobe, and Constellation Software are trading at levels we haven't seen in years" — so "we focus solely on software companies in this Best Buys article."
Watch for
- Narratives that are actually right for part of the sector — the screen must be able to say which part.
2. Concede the narrative where it is true — then define who it doesn't apply to
The repeatable method
- Grant the disruption case explicitly for the businesses it fits: "If a company's only value is completing a basic task (like simple data entry or basic reporting), it might be in trouble."
- Then test each candidate against three moats a general-purpose model does not defeat:
(a) Proprietary data — decades of private, specialised data that competitors cannot obtain. "AI is only as good as the data it trains on."
(b) High switching costs — a system whose replacement threatens the operation. "Most CFOs won't risk their entire operation to save a few dollars."
(c) Operating leverage — the company is already deploying AI inside its own product and cost base, so the technology shows up as margin rather than as competition.
- Require the candidate to pass at least one strongly, ideally two.
Here: ADP passes on all three (wage data on 1 in 6 US workers · payroll errors mean lawsuits · ADP Assist automating its own back office); ADBE on switching costs, standard-setting and Firefly usage up 3x in a quarter; CSU.TO and TOI.V on niche criticality and 70% recurring revenue.
Watch for
- Evidence the moat is being tested in the numbers — churn, renewal rates, net revenue retention — rather than argued in prose.
3. Weight switching costs by the cost of being wrong, not by the price of switching
The repeatable method
- Ask what happens to the customer if the software makes a mistake. Where an error means a regulator, a lawsuit or a stopped operation, price competition is nearly irrelevant.
- Prefer products embedded in compliance and workflow over products bought on features.
- Confirm with observed behaviour — retention rates, contract length, average tenure — instead of with the theory.
Here: "No Room for Error: If AI misses a tax law or miscalculates a paycheck, the result is a lawsuit or a federal penalty" — with ADP's 92.1% retention and 13-year average client tenure as the confirmation.
Watch for
- A regulator or standards body legitimising an alternative — that is the one thing that lowers the cost of being wrong.
4. Use the "first drawdown of this size ever" as a rare-event marker
The repeatable method
- For a long-term compounder, look up its worst historical drawdown and compare today's to it.
- A decline outside the entire historical range is either genuinely new information or a rare pricing opportunity — force yourself to name which, in one sentence.
- Check whether the drawdown coincides with a governance event (a founder leaving) that is separable from the business story.
Here: CSU.TO — "Until now, Constellation had never seen a drawdown of more than 25%. Guess what? The current drawdown equals over 50%" — coinciding with Mark Leonard's retirement and the AI narrative.
Watch for
- Acquisition multiples and deal counts in the next few quarters — for a serial acquirer that is where a broken model would show first.
5. Assess succession on tenure, deal record and open-market buying
The repeatable method
- When a founder steps back, judge the successor by three things: how long they have been inside the company, what they personally built there, and how much of their own money is in the stock.
- Weight open-market purchases above granted equity — buying with after-tax cash during a drawdown is the strongest single signal available.
- Note whether the founder stays on the board, which preserves the capital-allocation culture without the key-man dependency.
Here: Mark Miller joined in 1995 with CSI's first acquisition, scaled Volaris to 200+ deals, chaired the Lumine spinoff, owns ~$700m of stock and "recently bought even more shares on the open market"; Leonard remains a director.
Watch for
- Insider selling during the drawdown, and any change in the decentralised operating model the founder built.
6. Look for two shareholders buying at once — the company and the insiders
The repeatable method
- Check the direction of the share count while the price falls. A rapidly shrinking count against rising revenue and earnings is value accruing per share regardless of sentiment.
- Layer insider open-market purchases on top: management and the buyback pulling the same way is a two-sided vote.
- Verify the buyback is funded by free cash flow and that revenue and earnings really are still rising.
Here: ADBE retires "almost 9% of its shares every single year" while revenue and earnings grow — "a very interesting Cannibal Stock" — and CSU.TO's incoming CEO is buying in the open market.
Watch for
- Buybacks that merely offset stock-based compensation — net share count is the number that matters.
7. Classify software vertical vs horizontal before judging its durability
The repeatable method
- Separate horizontal tools (broad, used by everyone — spreadsheets, chat) from vertical software built for one industry's specific workflow.
- Expect vertical software to show low churn, high pricing power (critical but a small share of the customer's budget) and deep relationships — and check the recurring-revenue share to confirm it.
- Recognise the asymmetry in an AI narrative: generic horizontal tools are the more replaceable ones, yet the panic prices both alike.
Here: the distinction is spelled out with dental-office and law-firm software against Excel and Slack; TOI.V has 70% maintenance and other recurring revenue, and 30-year-old VMS is still in production.
Watch for
- Price increases sticking without churn — the practical test that the pricing power described is real.
8. Frame the whole thing with the voting machine — and let waiting be the position
The repeatable method
- Treat the narrative-driven decline as the voting machine, and the earnings trajectory as the weighing machine: "stock prices eventually follow earnings."
- Buy high-ROIC, cash-generative, dominant businesses during the narrative rather than after it resolves — "the big money is in the waiting" (Munger).
- Accept that the position may look wrong for as long as the narrative runs; that is the price of the discount.
Here: Graham opens the argument and Munger closes it, with all five picks bought explicitly into the AI panic rather than after its resolution.
Watch for
- The earnings themselves. If revenue and earnings start following the narrative down, the weighing machine has changed its answer.
Methods distilled from the archived Compounding Quality post for personal study. Not investment advice.